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The ''Adlerschild des Deutschen Reiches'' ((英語:Eagle Shield of the German Empire, then Eagle Shield of the German Reich)) was an honorary award ((ドイツ語:Ehrengabe)) granted by the German president for scholarly or artistic achievements. It was introduced during the Weimar Republic, under President Friedrich Ebert and continued under Nazi Germany. It was a metal disc with a German imperial eagle on a pedestal. It was a high and infrequently awarded honor, received by around 70 people in total. ==Recipients during the Weimar Republic== Article 109, section 3 of the Weimar Constitution entitled "Orders and honours may not be given by the state" enacted a ban on honorific orders. Nevertheless, there was a desire for the state to be able to confer symbolic honours and the honorific award of the Adlerschild des Deutschen Reiches was created to meet this desire. It consisted of a 108 mm wide medal of cast bronze, mounted on a bronze pedestal and inscribed on the reverse with an individualised honorific inscription. The designer of the Adlerschild des Deutschen Reiches was Josef Wackerle. The award was to be given to outstanding individuals in the realms of art, culture, scholarship, science and the economy. The award was made by hand written decree of the President. The Ministry of the Interior made decisions about the honour at the direction of the Reichskunstwart Edwin Redslob, who was also responsible for the design. According to Redslob, the form of the eagle expressed the "idea of the Reich." In total, the Adlerschild des Deutschen Reiches was awarded to twenty one people during the period of the Weimar Republic. They were: # Gerhart Hauptmann (15 November 1922) # Paul Wagner (7 March 1923) # Harry Plate (28 August 1925) # Emil Warburg (9 March 1926) # Adolf von Harnack (7 May 1926) # Max Liebermann (20 July 1927) # Max Planck (23 April 1928) # Hans Delbrück (11 November 1928) # Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff (22 December 1928) # Wilhelm Kahl (17 June 1929) # Lujo Brentano (18 December 1929) # Oskar von Miller (7 May 1930) # Friedrich Schmidt-Ott (4 June 1930) # Theodor Lewald (18 August 1930) # Georg Dehio (22 November 1930) # Robert Bosch (23 September 1931) # Walter Simons (24 September 1931) # Carl Duisberg (25 September 1931) # Max Sering (18 January 1932) # Ernst Brandes (11 March 1932) # Adolph Goldschmidt (1933)〔Hans Kauffmann: ''Adolph Goldschmidt''. In: NDB, Vol. 6, Berlin 1964, p. 614. Probably conferred on 15 January 1933. In the ''Lexikon deutsch-jüdischer Autoren'', Goldschmidt's Adlerschild is not mentioned.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Adlerschild des Deutschen Reiches」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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